Dr Alan RENFRO published a paper advocating a new form of writing and speaking advocating first and foremost an end to the 12-hour clock. The 24-hour clock was developed in the late 18
's for the railroad industry. Additionally, he advocated using (day) (Month) (year) format (as double digits for the first two) to keep clear dates; Example, this page was created
2 June 2
19, thus
2/
6/2
19 or
2 June 2
19.
His experience with Spanish-speakers led him to advocate for inverted question marks () and exclamation points (
) for the explanation in advance of a sentence, taking it one step further than the purely Spanish intention and advocating the use of these symbols in the middle of a sentence to show a change in tone.
For example "You told me to move the box from there to here,
so what did you expect?" If you read it as intended, the first half of the sentence would be a statement of fact, "brooking no argument" (Dr. RENFRO'S words), whereas the second half is the inquiry. Either way, you change the tone of the statement.
"Did I tell you to move them
OR THROW THEM LIKE ROCKS!?" The first part, "
Did I tell you to move them" is an inquiry, while the second part, "
OR THROW THEM LIKE ROCKS!?" is an accusation. Again, you change the tone of speech.
On Names.
On names, Dr RENFRO argued the FAMILY NAMES must always be in capital letters; For example (and this was the example he gave), a lady by the name of Erica Jones has a clear First and Last name. But a gentleman named Michael Dillon, one is hard pressed to tell which is first and which is last; Writing it Michael DILLON, on the other hand, makes it unmistakable.
He argued an END to the numeral 0, meaning zero, as we know it currently; Instead, he argued the use of the Ohm () in it's place to ensure that the reader absolutely understood, without failure, that the writer intended the number zero. While he did acknowledged that
IS a letter in the Swedish alphabet, he also argued that if one is reading a document written in English, one should read it in English.
Hypothetical People And Places
When speaking of hypothetical people and places, or whose names have been removed, name them in alphabetical order by appearance; For example, "Adam, Betty, Charles, and David went to the park together."
Phonetic Alphabets | |||
---|---|---|---|
Letter: | |||
A: | |||
B: | |||
C: | |||
D: | |||
E: | |||
F: | |||
G: | |||
H: | |||
I: | |||
J: | |||
K: | |||
L: | |||
M: | |||
N: | |||
O: | |||
P: | |||
Q: | |||
R: | |||
S: | |||
T: | |||
U: | |||
V: | |||
W: | |||
X: | |||
Y: | |||
Z: | |||
1; There is no unified civilian phonetic alphabet; I had to construct this from a collection of school lists, creating much of the delay in presenting this list. | |||
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As Zero.
Dr REFRO advocated ending the use of the simple elongated circle for the numeral zero in favor of "the ohm, a circle with a diagonal line through it."
The doctor had been a US Navy gunnery officer during WWII, and due to a misunderstanding a zero in firing coordinated resulted in a Marine munitions depot being targeted- Several Marines died as a result. There was already an established precedent in the militry of using a slash though the zero to prevent transposing zero for the letter "O" but this one error, caused at least in part by someone somewhere failing to slash the zero, resulted as described.
In my independent research, I discovered that the "slashed zero" () already exists, however an attempt to copy and paste the symbol into this very posting during my first draft resulted in its failure to render (and it may not render in final posting).
Did the symbol not exist in his day, or did he skip the question in favor of something he knew more people would readily understand? I can not know the answer, especially since I'm aware that the doctor also advocated for simple models to ease the transition. Either answer could be correct.
Dates:
Dr. RENFRO advocated for a day/month/year system. With the day and year separated by the month there could be no confusion about what the numbers mean.
An example is May 2.
Is this the 2
th of May, or May of '2
? And
is that 2
2
, 192
, or what?
This was less of an issue in the Doctor's own time, but has become more important now with the turn of the millennium. The 2th century's transition to the 21st century has been relatively seamless and is far too new in our memory. To this end, you would include four digits in the year at least the first time it's referenced. I noticed this myself during the Y2K "crisis"; In order to save programming space, the first two digits were omitted. As 1999 came in, we suddenly realized that the computers couldn't read the new year. Serious concerns arose out of this.
For the first day of the new millennium, a full date under the Renfro system would read 1 January, 2
; For just the day, it would read
1 January; For month and year, January 2
. In this way, there can be no doubt or question what is meant. This is even more important for dates using only numbers, which is necessary for computers (which existed but had not evolved to where they are now in the Doctor's time, and yet was already critical). For the date
1 January 2
2 (two years later than our previous example) in numerical form only, the commonly system would look like 1/1/02. This is fine, until the year or month is dropped off. Then it becomes 1/1 or 1/02, and then serious issues rise very quickly; You could be off by 1 year or you may end off by decades.
In all cases, the day and month would be written as two digits, the year in four digits to avoid any potential for confusion. Again, in Dr. REFRO'S time computers did exist, but they were analog and extremely crude by modern standards. They could not drop the day or year elements, and therefore it was a non-issue for most computers of the era. It very much is now, and points to the Doctor's prescience.
The use of improper characters ("0" rather than "") in this post were intentional and necessary to exemplify the issue; Indeed, it was the example he himself used, and this comment is an attempt to replicate the explanation he gave in the chapter.
On The Subject Of Time;
Most people use the 12 hour (AM and PM) clock. Dr RENFRO advocated ending "this confusing and distressing system."
There's two main ways to learn the 24 hour clock. The first is some confusing word salad about adding or subtracting, and was used as a set up line for a scene on Tool Time.
The second is to simply think of it as hours of the day. Rather than restart your clock at noon, you simply keep counting as normal- Midnight was 13 and a half hours ago, ergo it's 133 (1:3
PM in the 12 hour system). Midnight and noon would still be referred to as such, due to the lack of confusion these terms create and the brevity of communication they provide.
Or you can do it the hard way. Whatever floats your boat.
Dr. REFRO conceded however that for some time at least clocks and watches would probably be double marked (he suggested 13 through 23 on the outside of the tick marks for most clocks, since the numbers are usually inside the ticks).
Dr. RENFRO wrote that the necessity to tell time across 4 time zones quickly and clearly compelled the need to establish one national time, using what we currently refer to as Eastern Standard Time (because Washington DC is in EST; Hawaii and Alaska were not yet states at the point when that section was written, or it hadn't been updated accordingly). The world is slightly more complex now, being very much global, and I believe had the Dr. foreseen this he would have chosen GMT as "global" time, with adjustment to actual conditions made.
The world is slightly more complex now, being very much global, and I believe had the Dr. foreseen this he would have chosen GMT as "global" time, with adjustment to actual conditions made.
Example; Assume you live in Washington DC. On the current system, you start work at 9
. Assume we adopted Refroist time system, but you employer still wanted you arriving at the same time; Because of time zones differences (which he referred to as adjustment) your scheduled workday would begin at 14
.
This way, confusion about what time X is when one or both parties forget to adjust, or don't know the time difference, would be moot. This has become particularly pointed with the internet, where parties are expecting to act at specific times, but neither knowing the others time adjustment difference.
Fun fact, Dr. RENFRO also predicted the internet in a sense; He predicted that live television feeds from studios around the world would allow "panels of experts to interact with laymen to answer questions with expedience" by allowing said laymen to ask their questions by phone or teletype. It's what we now call "livestreaming." (He also had higher hopes for this system than perhaps reality allowed, considering he thought it would be "panels of experts," and not every moron on earth.)
Dr. RENFRO explicitly stated that "midnight, " was "the first (incomplete) minute of the NEW day. Likewise, any year ending in zero was the first (incomplete) year of the new decade." Using this logic, the year 2
was the first year of the 21st century, and
1 January 2
was the first (incomplete) minute of the new millennium. Considering the way that computers DID read this moment in time (the Y2K bug), we can surmise he was entirely correct.
On The Subject Of Time;
Renfroism Weights And Measures
Dr RENRO noted the divergence between the Imperial and Metric worlds. He delved into the history of the development of the metric system and without beating the dead horses I can say it's 'underwhelming.'
Dr RENFRO advocated "a better method; Selecting either the Foot or Mile and the Pound or Ton as the base unit, dividing it appropriately (he recommended 1 for the foot and pound and 1,
for the mile and ton). This, he argued, would have allowed the transition from the Imperial System to the Metric System.
He used this chapter as a chance to rant on the arrogance of "the intellectual elite when pressed under real world necessity"; They created a solution to a problem that never existed to prove society's "need" for the problems they themselves created.
All in all though, it would still be possible to develop the "new model" of both weight and distance measures- If we had a will to do so.
Of curious interest is his choice NOT to specifically advocate for the nautical mile as the standard; It's already a measure made of 6, feet, and 1 nautical mile equals one degree of latitude at the equator. One foot equals one minute of degree, and one inch equals one second. This should make it the idea measure, and Dr, RENFRO, having been a naval officer during WWII, should at least have been vaguely aware of this (he was assigned to gunnery which could partially explain his failure to connect the two facts). In any case, Engineering Rulers are set to 1
inches to the foot, making this an interesting conundrum.
"Chapter And Verse."
The title of any given document or chapter would have Capitalization Throughout; Any word that is part of the name is Capitalized.
This is particualalry notewrothy in the context of modern news media; due to a lowering of educational standards in the "news" media, we see articles without proper capitalization.
A real world example is
"30 people shot in mass shooting at south Baltimore block party, 2 dead"
First, the numbers ("3" and "2") should be spelt out ("Thirty" and "Two"). Second all of the words in the title should be capitalized;
"Thirty People Shot In Mass Shooting At South Baltimore Block Party, Two Dead"
If any given word is not strictly necessary for the title, it should be deleted.
This applies to sub-chapters; Main chapters in Bold, sub-chapters in Italics.
Ship's Names.
The Name Of A Ship is always capitalized throughout, with CAPS LOCKS FOR THE NAME OF A WARSHIP. Nicknames Are Not In Caps Locks.
Examples:
SS Jackson's Pride, a 2 foot freighter.
USS CONSITUTION, the 1797 three masted frigate known as Old Ironsides.
Both are in Italics.
On A Related Note:
Ships ARE referred to in the feminine form ("she," "her"), not as neuter ("it") nor masculine ("he," "him").
In Dr. REFRO'S time, no one would ever have thought of such an offensive thing; It was well understood to be bad luck. Since then it has become fashionable to disrespect the seas with the arrogant contempt of "it."
There is a REASON that Poseidon was the ONLY pagan god the Catholic Church did NOT try to take on- As long as all the pagan rites were conducted underway only.